In terms of residence status, there are 291 neophytes (76%), 73 archaeophytes (19%), and 18 regional aliens (5%) neophytes are the most represented group (45 out of 48) among invasive taxa. paraguayense, Kalanchoë laxiflora, Nicotiana tabacum, Phytolacca dioica, Portulaca umbraticola, Talinum paniculatum, Tecomaria capensis).
A total of 21 taxa were reported for the first time, three of them are new to the European flora ( Camptosema rubicundum, Musa ×paradisiaca and, only for continental Europe, Ipomoea hederacea), two to the Italian peninsula ( Pelargonium graveolens, Schinus terebinthifolia) and 16 to the Calabrian flora ( Aeonium arboreum, Asparagus asparagoides, Aspidistra elatior, Bidens sulphurea, Catalpa bignonioides, Citrus ×aurantium, Crassula ovata, Cucurbita ficifolia, Dimorphotheca ecklonis, Graptopetalum paraguayense subsp. Among genera, Amaranthus (nine taxa), Prunus, Euphorbia, and Oxalis (seven taxa) make up those with the greatest number of taxa. The most represented families are Asteraceae (39 taxa) and Poaceae (39). In relation to the state of spread, the majority of alien species are casual (207 taxa 54%), followed by naturalized (127 33%) and invasive (48 13%), these last include four on the list of Union Concern, sensu Regulation (EU) no. By way of field, bibliographic, and herbarium research, we recorded 382 alien taxa (representing almost 14% of all regional flora), of which 371 are angiosperms, nine gymnosperms, and two ferns. An updated checklist of the Calabrian alien vascular flora is presented.
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